In this regard, caution should be exercised when applying the standard HMO model, as HMOs do not bear all the costs or realize all the benefits of the technologies they use. Therefore, any decentralized global budgeting system must give managers financial responsibility for external and induced costs and savings. The role of information and guidance for cost-effective care would be strengthened in such an environment and the research base should be broadened to provide such information in real time. Comparisons of laboratory use with other non-EHR sites in the network were not included in the analysis. The number of telephone meetings with patients scheduled by doctors increased significantly after the implementation of EHR, from 1.3 telephone meetings per member per year to 2.1 telephone meetings per year. According to the authors, doctors qualitatively reported that phone meetings were more effective because their ability to solve patients' problems improved by accessing the EHR. A small amount of literature supports the claim that the use of HIT in pediatrics is beneficial in terms of drug safety, immunization adherence, and disease-based guidelines, supporting patient decision-making in diabetes management, clinical documentation, patient appointments, and hospital order processing. Paper immunization records do not allow for rigorous population-based monitoring or quality control. Therefore, automated immunization registries, as separate or integrated systems with clinical decision support or reporting capacity, offer tremendous potential to track and improve compliance with recommended immunization guidelines. In society, the reminder system saves money and improves health, making it a win-win program. Finally, we outlined features of the U.S. healthcare reimbursement and management system that don't always lead to the application of the most cost-effective combination of new and old technologies. The creation of a resource-based relative scale of value with a spending cap on medical services, recently approved by Congress, will affect the adoption of new technologies in several ways. The new reimbursement scheme aims to create a "level economic playing field" for doctors based on the resources medical device news used in the provision of services. Ideally, the effect will be to make medical decision-making revenue neutral for the physician, leaving clinical benefit as the basis for resource allocation. However, keeping the RBRVS up to date with current physician resource costs can lead to short-term disruptions that affect the use of new technologies. The perspective of care maintenance organizations is similar to the social perspective in cost-effectiveness analysis in several important…